Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (8th ed.), which is largely based on CMOS with some slight alterations. To see a side-by-side comparison of the three most widely used citation styles, including a chart of all CMOS citation guidelines, see the Citation Style Chart. Please use the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in CMOS. Unlike many citation styles, CMOS gives writers two different methods for documenting sources: the Author-Date System and the Notes-Bibliography (NB) System. As its name suggests, Author-Date uses parenthetical citations in the text to reference the source's author's last name and the year of publication. Each parenthetical citation corresponds to an entry on a References page that concludes the document. In these regards, Author-Date is very similar to, for instance, APA style.īy contrast, NB uses numbered footnotes in the text to direct the reader to a shortened citation at the bottom of the page. This corresponds to a fuller citation on a Bibliography page that concludes the document. Though the general principles of citation are the same here, the citations themselves are formatted differently from the way they appear in Author-Date. Text should be consistently double-spaced, except for block quotations, notes, bibliography entries, table titles, and figure captions.įor examples of these two different styles in action, see our CMOS sample papers: If you are using CMOS for school or work, don't forget to ensure that you're using your organization's preferred citation method.A prose quotation of five or more lines, or more than 100 words, should be blocked.For block quotations, which are also called extracts.
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